Mechanic Medical Electronics

ITI Mechanic Medical Electronics Trade Syllabus (English)

The ITI Mechanic Medical Electronics trade is a two-year vocational training program under the Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS), governed by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT). This course equips trainees with skills in installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, repairing, and calibrating medical electronic equipment used in healthcare, such as ECG, EEG, X-ray, ultrasound, CT scanners, and patient monitoring systems. The syllabus integrates theoretical knowledge, practical skills in electronics and medical equipment maintenance, and employability skills to prepare students for roles such as medical equipment technicians, biomedical technicians, or service engineers in hospitals, diagnostic centers, or medical equipment manufacturing industries, or as self-employed service providers.

Course Overview

• Duration: 2 years (4 semesters, each 6 months)
• NSQF Level: Level 5
• Eligibility: Minimum 10th grade pass with Science and Mathematics (or equivalent)
• Objective: To train individuals in ensuring the reliability, accuracy, and safety of medical electronic equipment for healthcare applications.

Detailed Syllabus Breakdown (English)

1. Trade Theory (Theoretical Knowledge)

Covers electronics, medical equipment principles, and healthcare regulations.

• Semester 1
  
  • Introduction to Medical Electronics
    
    • Overview: role of electronics in healthcare (diagnostic, therapeutic equipment).
    • Industry scope: hospitals, OEMs, service roles, biomedical engineering basics.
    • Safety: PPE (gloves, ESD straps, masks), electrical safety, biohazard protocols.
  • Basic Electronics
    
    • Principles: voltage, current, resistance, AC/DC circuits, Ohm’s law.
    • Components: resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, ICs, transformers.
    • Circuits: amplifiers, filters, rectifiers, oscillators in medical devices.
  • Human Anatomy and Physiology (Basic)
    
    • Systems: cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, relevant to medical equipment.
    • Parameters: heart rate, blood pressure, brain signals, their measurement.
    • Applications: linking anatomy to ECG, EEG, pulse oximeters.
  • Tools and Measuring Instruments
    
    • Electronics tools: multimeters, oscilloscopes, signal generators, soldering kits.
    • Medical tools: patient simulators, safety analyzers, calibration devices.
    • Precision: ensuring accuracy (±0.1% for critical devices like ECG).
  • Electrical Systems
    
    • Basics: wiring, grounding, power supplies in medical equipment.
    • Safety: isolation transformers, leakage current standards (IEC 60601).
    • Faults: short circuits, power surges, grounding issues.
  • Workshop Practices
    
    • Operations: PCB assembly, soldering, crimping, cable harnesses.
    • Techniques: component testing, circuit board diagnostics.
    • Documentation: service manuals, equipment logs, calibration records.
• Semester 2
  
  • Digital Electronics
    
    • Concepts: logic gates, flip-flops, counters, microcontrollers in medical devices.
    • Applications: digital displays, data acquisition in patient monitors.
    • Programming: basics of embedded systems (e.g., Arduino for prototyping).
  • Medical Sensors and Transducers
    
    • Types: ECG electrodes, temperature probes, pressure sensors, SpO2 sensors.
    • Operation: signal conditioning, amplification, noise reduction.
    • Calibration: ensuring sensor accuracy, periodic checks.
  • Diagnostic Equipment Basics
    
    • Devices: ECG, EEG, EMG, pulse oximeters, their working principles.
    • Components: amplifiers, filters, ADCs in diagnostic systems.
    • Maintenance: cleaning electrodes, checking cables, updating firmware.
  • Power Supply Systems
    
    • Types: linear, SMPS, battery backups (UPS) in medical equipment.
    • Maintenance: testing voltage stability, replacing capacitors, batteries.
    • Standards: low ripple, high reliability for critical devices.
  • Troubleshooting Basics
    
    • Methods: fault isolation, signal tracing, error code analysis.
    • Tools: diagnostic software, patient simulators, DSOs for repairs.
    • Solutions: replacing faulty ICs, recalibrating sensors, rewiring.
  • Healthcare Regulations
    
    • Standards: IEC 60601, ISO 13485 for medical equipment safety, quality.
    • Practices: sterilization, infection control, equipment labeling.
    • Compliance: maintaining logs, adhering to hospital protocols.
• Semester 3
  
  • Advanced Diagnostic Equipment
    
    • Devices: ultrasound, X-ray, CT scanners, MRI basics, their electronics.
    • Components: transducers, high-voltage circuits, image processors.
    • Maintenance: calibrating probes, checking radiation safety (X-ray).
  • Therapeutic Equipment
    
    • Devices: defibrillators, ventilators, dialysis machines, laser therapy units.
    • Operation: control circuits, feedback systems, safety interlocks.
    • Maintenance: testing outputs, replacing filters, updating software.
  • Biomedical Signal Processing
    
    • Concepts: analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, signal amplification.
    • Applications: ECG waveform analysis, EEG spike detection.
    • Tools: software for signal visualization, noise reduction.
  • Networking and Telemedicine
    
    • Systems: hospital information systems (HIS), PACS for imaging.
    • Protocols: DICOM, HL7 for medical data transfer.
    • Maintenance: configuring routers, ensuring cybersecurity.
  • Preventive Maintenance
    
    • Schedules: weekly, monthly checks for ECG, ultrasound, ventilators.
    • Techniques: cleaning probes, testing alarms, verifying outputs.
    • Records: logging uptime, calibration data, service history.
  • Customer Interaction
    
    • Skills: explaining equipment issues to doctors, nurses, administrators.
    • Coordination: working with OEMs for spares, warranty claims.
    • Documentation: service reports, compliance certificates.
• Semester 4
  
  • Imaging Systems Maintenance
    
    • Systems: digital X-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI electronics (advanced).
    • Tasks: calibrating detectors, servicing cooling systems, software updates.
    • Safety: radiation shielding, high-voltage precautions.
  • Critical Care Equipment
    
    • Devices: ICU monitors, anesthesia machines, infusion pumps.
    • Maintenance: testing alarms, calibrating flow rates, replacing sensors.
    • Standards: high reliability, minimal downtime in critical care.
  • Condition Monitoring
    
    • Techniques: predictive maintenance using IoT, data analytics.
    • Tools: thermal imagers, vibration analyzers, cloud diagnostics.
    • Analysis: trending equipment failures, scheduling repairs.
  • Entrepreneurship and Management
    
    • Business: starting a medical equipment service, sourcing spares.
    • Planning: budgeting repairs, managing hospital contracts.
    • Marketing: promoting services, building healthcare networks.
  • Industry Trends
    
    • Innovations: AI diagnostics, wearable health devices, telemedicine.
    • Standards: ISO 14971 for risk management, FDA regulations.
    • Future: robotic surgery systems, IoT-enabled hospitals.
  • Professional Ethics
    
    • Practices: transparency, quality assurance in repairs.
    • Responsibilities: ensuring patient safety, equipment accuracy.
    • Compliance: adhering to medical ethics, data privacy laws.

2. Trade Practical (Hands-On Skills)

Focuses on practical tasks in medical electronics labs and hospital-like setups.

• Semester 1
  
  • Safety Practices
    
    • Using PPE: wearing ESD straps, gloves, masks in labs.
    • Procedures: handling biohazards, ensuring electrical safety.
    • Drills: sterilization protocols, emergency response for shocks.
  • Electronics Circuit Work
    
    • Building: assembling basic circuits (amplifiers, filters) on PCBs.
    • Testing: measuring signals with oscilloscopes, multimeters.
    • Repairing: soldering components, replacing faulty diodes, ICs.
  • Electrical System Practice
    
    • Wiring: setting up power supplies, grounding in mock setups.
    • Testing: checking leakage current, voltage stability.
    • Repairing: fixing wiring faults, replacing circuit breakers.
  • Workshop Operations
    
    • Performing: PCB soldering, crimping cables for medical devices.
    • Assembling: mounting sensors, displays in mock equipment.
    • Documenting: preparing circuit diagrams, service logs.
  • Basic Equipment Handling
    
    • Operating: using patient simulators, safety analyzers in labs.
    • Testing: verifying outputs of mock ECG, pulse oximeter circuits.
    • Maintaining: cleaning electrodes, checking cable integrity.
  • Project Work
    
    • Building a circuit: assembling, testing a pulse oximeter prototype.
    • Report: documenting design, faults fixed, calibration data.
• Semester 2
  
  • Digital Electronics Practice
    
    • Assembling: building microcontroller-based circuits in labs.
    • Programming: coding Arduino for mock medical displays.
    • Testing: debugging logic errors, verifying digital outputs.
  • Sensor Maintenance
    
    • Installing: wiring ECG electrodes, SpO2 sensors in mock setups.
    • Calibrating: tuning sensors for accurate readings in labs.
    • Testing: verifying signal quality with patient simulators.
  • Diagnostic Equipment Repair
    
    • Servicing: inspecting ECG, EEG mock machines in labs.
    • Repairing: replacing cables, recalibrating amplifiers.
    • Testing: ensuring waveform accuracy, alarm functionality.
  • Power Supply Maintenance
    
    • Servicing: testing SMPS, UPS in mock medical setups.
    • Repairing: replacing batteries, capacitors in labs.
    • Testing: verifying voltage stability, ripple-free output.
  • Troubleshooting Practice
    
    • Diagnosing: tracing faults in mock ECG, pulse oximeter circuits.
    • Repairing: replacing sensors, fixing software glitches.
    • Testing: ensuring error-free operation post-repair.
  • Project Work
    
    • Servicing an ECG machine: repair, calibration, testing in labs.
    • Portfolio: presenting logs, photos, performance data.
• Semester 3
  
  • Advanced Diagnostic Equipment Practice
    
    • Servicing: inspecting ultrasound probes, X-ray circuits in mock setups.
    • Calibrating: tuning transducers, checking high-voltage systems.
    • Testing: verifying image clarity, radiation safety.
  • Therapeutic Equipment Repair
    
    • Servicing: inspecting defibrillators, ventilators in labs.
    • Repairing: replacing filters, recalibrating flow controls.
    • Testing: ensuring shock delivery, ventilation accuracy.
  • Signal Processing Practice
    
    • Processing: analyzing ECG, EEG signals using lab software.
    • Testing: verifying noise reduction, signal amplification.
    • Documenting: preparing signal quality reports.
  • Networking Practice
    
    • Setting up: configuring DICOM, HL7 in mock hospital networks.
    • Troubleshooting: diagnosing router, PACS connectivity issues.
    • Testing: ensuring secure data transfer in labs.
  • Preventive Maintenance Practice
    
    • Performing: cleaning ultrasound, X-ray mock systems.
    • Testing: checking alarms, calibrating outputs in labs.
    • Logging: preparing maintenance schedules, uptime reports.
  • Project Work
    
    • Servicing an ultrasound machine: repair, calibration, testing.
    • Portfolio: presenting repair logs, test results, photos.
• Semester 4
  
  • Imaging Systems Maintenance
    
    • Servicing: inspecting digital X-ray, CT mock systems in labs.
    • Repairing: recalibrating detectors, updating imaging software.
    • Testing: ensuring image quality, radiation compliance.
  • Critical Care Equipment Repair
    
    • Servicing: inspecting ICU monitors, infusion pumps in labs.
    • Repairing: replacing sensors, fixing alarms in mock setups.
    • Testing: verifying flow rates, patient data accuracy.
  • Condition Monitoring Practice
    
    • Monitoring: using IoT sensors, thermal imagers on mock equipment.
    • Analyzing: trending failure data, predicting faults in labs.
    • Reporting: preparing maintenance forecasts, logs.
  • Entrepreneurship Practice
    
    • Simulating: running a mock equipment service, sourcing spares.
    • Planning: budgeting hospital contracts, managing inventory.
    • Marketing: creating mock service ads, client proposals.
  • Safety and Compliance
    
    • Inspecting: checking biohazards, grounding in mock setups.
    • Auditing: conducting mock safety, cybersecurity audits.
    • Testing: ensuring IEC 60601, ISO compliance.
  • Project Work
    
    • Restoring a patient monitor: repair, integration, testing.
    • Portfolio: presenting logs, photos, system accuracy data.

3. Workshop Calculation and Science

Supports medical electronics with relevant concepts.

• Semester 1: Arithmetic (circuits, tolerances), physics (electricity, magnetism).
• Semester 2: Algebra (signal equations), electronics (amplification).
• Semester 3: Geometry (imaging angles), biology (bio-signals).
• Semester 4: Statistics (failure rates), applied physics (radiation, sensors).

4. Engineering Drawing

Focuses on technical drafting for medical equipment.

• Semester 1: Sketching circuit diagrams, PCB layouts, orthographic views.
• Semester 2: Drawing ECG, EEG wiring, sensor circuits.
• Semester 3: Designing ultrasound, X-ray schematics, network layouts.
• Semester 4: Creating blueprints for ICU monitors, imaging systems.

5. Employability Skills

Enhances job readiness and soft skills.

• Semester 1: Communication (reporting faults), time management, basic IT (diagnostics).
• Semester 2: Teamwork (with healthcare staff), problem-solving (equipment faults).
• Semester 3: Leadership (supervising repairs), negotiation (OEM deals), advanced IT (PACS, DICOM).
• Semester 4: Entrepreneurship (service business), client management, trends (AI diagnostics).

Assessment and Certification

• Examinations: Semester-wise (theory + practical).
• Certification: National Trade Certificate (NTC) from NCVT, recognized nationally.
• Evaluation: Based on repair accuracy, calibration precision, system reliability, and project work.

Career Opportunities

• Employment: Medical equipment technician, biomedical technician, service engineer in hospitals, diagnostic centers, or OEMs.
• Self-Employment: Starting a medical equipment maintenance or calibration service.
• Further Studies: Diploma in Biomedical Engineering, certifications in imaging systems, or healthcare IoT.

Note

• This syllabus aligns with NCVT guidelines and may vary slightly by institution or state.
• For the latest version, refer to the Directorate General of Training (DGT) or local ITI.